12.
CONVERSION TABLES FOR FORESTERS
Abbreviations used in the tables:
ac acre
kWh kilowatt hour
BTU British Thermal
Unit L litre
c circumference
lb pound weight
chn
chain
m metre
cwt hundred weight
ml millilitre
d
diameter mm millimetre
ft
foot Mw
megawatt
gal gallon, Imperial
Mwh megawatthour
g
gramme
Mwy megawatt year
hp
horse-power
oz ounce weight
in
inch QG
quarter girth
kca
kilocalorie sec second
kg
kilogramme
t tonne
km
kilometre
yd yard
kW kilowatt
1. LENGTH
AND DISTANCE
|
in |
x
2.540 |
= |
miles |
x
1.609 |
= |
|
|
=
0.3937 |
x
cm |
|
=
0.6214 |
x
km |
|
in
c |
x
0.8085 |
= |
yd/ac |
x
2.259 |
= |
|
|
=
1.237 |
x
cm d |
|
=
0.4426 |
x
m/ha |
|
ft |
x
0.3048 |
= |
miles/mile2 |
x
0.6213 |
= |
|
|
=
3.281 |
x m |
|
=
1.610 |
x
km/km2 |
|
ft c |
x
9.702 |
= |
m/ha |
x
0.10 |
= |
|
|
=
0.1031 |
x
cm d |
|
=
10 |
x
km/km2 |
|
yd |
x
0.9144 |
= |
ft/sec |
x
1.097 |
= |
|
|
=
1.094 |
x
m |
|
=
0.9113 |
x
km/hr |
|
chn |
x
20.12 |
= |
m/sec |
x
3.60 |
= |
|
|
=
0.0497 |
x
m |
|
=
0.2778 |
x
km/hr |
2. AREA
AND SECTION
|
in2
|
x
6.452 |
= |
(ft
QG)2/ac |
x
0.2922 |
= |
|
|
=
0.1550 |
x
cm2 |
|
=
3.423 |
x
m2/ha |
|
(in
d)2 |
x
5.067 |
= |
yd2 |
x
0.8361 |
= |
|
|
=
0.1974 |
x
cm2 section |
|
=
1.196 |
x
m2 |
|
(in
c)2 |
x
0.5134 |
= |
chn2
|
x
0.04047 |
= |
|
|
=
1.948 |
x
cm2 section |
|
=
24.71 |
x
m2 |
|
(in
QG)2 |
x 8.214 |
= |
mile2 |
x
2.590 |
= |
|
|
x 0.1217 |
x
cm2 section |
|
=
0.3861 |
x
km2 |
|
ft2
|
x 0.09290 |
= |
ac
|
x
0.4047 |
= |
|
|
=
10.76 |
x
m2 |
|
=
2.471 |
x
ha |
|
(ft.d)2 |
x 0.07297 |
= |
arpent |
x
0.4209 |
= |
|
|
=
13.71 |
x
m2 section |
|
=
2.376 |
x
ha |
|
(ft
c)2 |
x 0.007393 |
= |
feddan |
x
0.420 |
= |
|
|
=
135.3 |
x
m2 section |
|
=
2.380 |
x
ha |
|
(ft
QG)2 |
x 0.1183 |
= |
donum |
x
0.1338 |
= |
|
|
= 8.454 |
x
m2 section |
|
=
7.475 |
x
ha |
|
ft
2/ac |
x 0.2296 |
= |
morgen |
x
0.8567 |
= |
|
|
= 4.356 |
x
m2/ha |
|
=
1.167 |
x
ha |
3. VOLUME AND CAPACITY
|
in3 |
x
16.39 |
= |
gal/yd2 |
x
5.437 |
= |
|
|
=
0.06102 |
x
cm3 |
|
=
0.1839 |
x
L/m3 |
|
ft3 |
x
0.02832 |
= |
gal/ac |
x
11/23 |
= |
|
|
=
35.32 |
x m3 |
|
=
0.08902 |
x
L/ha |
|
ft3 |
x
6.236 |
= |
bushel (UK) |
x
36.37 |
= L |
|
|
=
0.1604 |
x
gal |
|
=
0.02750 |
x L |
|
ft3/ac |
x
0.06998 |
= |
bushel (US) |
x
35.24 |
= |
|
|
=
14.29 |
x m3/ha |
|
=
0.02838 |
x
L |
|
Hoppus ft |
x
1.273 |
= |
barrel (oil) |
x
42.0 |
= |
|
|
=
0.7854 |
x
ft3 round |
|
=
0.02381 |
x
gall (US) |
|
Hoppus ft |
x
0.03605 |
= |
barrel |
x
159.0 |
= |
|
|
=
27.74 |
x m3
round |
|
=
0.00629 |
x L |
|
Hoppus.ft/ac |
x
0.08908 |
= |
barrel |
x
0.1590 |
= |
|
|
=
11.23 |
x m3/ha
round |
|
=
6.290 |
x m3 |
|
yd3 |
x
0.7646 |
= |
L |
x
0.001 |
= |
|
|
=
1,308 |
x m3 |
|
=
1000 |
x m3 |
|
yd3/ac |
x
0.3094 |
= |
m3water |
x
1.0 |
= |
|
|
=
3.232 |
x m3/ha |
|
=
1.0 |
x
t |
|
fluid
oz |
x
0.02842 |
= |
mm
rain |
x
10.000 |
= |
|
|
=
35.19 |
x L |
|
=
0.0001 |
x
L/ha |
|
pint |
x
0.5683 |
= |
mm
rain |
x
10 |
= |
|
|
=
1.760 |
x L |
|
=
0.1 |
x
tonne/ha |
|
gal |
x
4.546 |
= |
acre-inch rainfall |
x
22,637 |
= |
|
|
=
0.220 |
x L |
|
=
.000442 |
x
gal/ac |
|
gal
(US) |
x
3.785 |
= |
acre-feet of water |
x
3048 |
= |
|
|
=
0.2642 |
x L |
|
=
.00003281 |
x m3/ha |
4. WEIGHT
|
oz |
x
28.35 |
= |
lb/gal |
x
99.80 |
=
g/L, and |
|
|
=
0.03527 |
x
g |
|
=
0.01002 |
x
kg/m3 |
|
oz/yd2 |
x
33.91 |
= |
cwt |
x
50.80 |
= |
|
|
=
0.02949 |
x
g/m2 |
|
0.01968 |
x
kg |
|
oz/ft3 |
x
1.001 |
= |
cwt/ac |
x
125.5 |
= |
|
|
=
0.9987 |
x
kg/m3 |
|
0.007966 |
x
kg/ha |
|
oz/gal |
x
6.234 |
= |
tons |
x
1016 |
= |
|
|
=
0.1604 |
x
g/L |
|
.0009842 |
x
kg |
|
oz/gal/ac |
x
15.40 |
= |
tons |
x
1.016 |
= |
|
|
=
0.06492 |
x
g/L/ha |
|
0.9842 |
x t |
|
lb |
x
0.4536 |
= |
short
tons |
x
0.9072 |
= |
|
|
=
2.205 |
x
kg |
|
1.102 |
x t |
|
lb/ac |
x
1.121 |
= |
tons/ac |
x
2.511 |
= |
|
|
=
0.8922 |
x
kg/ha |
|
0.3983 |
x
t/ha |
|
lb/ft2 |
x
0.07031 |
= |
g/m2 |
x
10 |
= |
|
|
=
14.22 |
x
kg/cm2 |
|
0.1 |
x
kg/ha |
|
lb/ft3 |
x
0.01602 |
=
spec.gravity, |
g/m2/day |
x
3.650 |
= |
|
|
=
62.43 |
x
g/ml |
|
0.2740 |
x
t/ha/yr |
|
lb/ft3 |
x
16.02 |
=
g/L, and |
|
|
|
|
|
=
0.06243 |
x
kg/m3 |
|
|
|
5.
ENERGY AND POWER
|
kcal
|
x
0.00116 |
= |
Mwh |
x
0.125 |
= |
|
|
=
860 |
x
kWh |
|
=
8.01 |
x t
coal equ. |
|
BTU |
x
0.252 |
= |
hp |
x
0.7457 |
= |
|
|
=
3.97 |
x
kcal |
|
=
1.341 |
x
kW |
|
t
coal equ. |
x
6.9 |
= |
g
airdry wood |
x
4"
0.5 |
~ |
|
|
=
0.145 |
x
million kcal |
|
~
0.25"0.03 |
x
kcal |
|
t oil
equ. |
x
1.6 |
= |
g
ovendry wood |
x
5 |
~ |
|
|
=
0.64 |
x t
coal equ. |
|
~
0.2 |
x
kcal |
|
barrels oil equivalent |
x
0.21 |
= |
g
charcoal |
x
7.1 |
~ |
|
|
=
4.7 |
x t
coal equ. |
|
~
0.141 |
x
kcal |
|
MW
years |
x
1096 |
= |
t
airdry wood |
x
4
"0.5 |
~ |
|
|
=
0.000912 |
x t
coal equ. |
|
=
0.25"0.03 |
x
million kcal |
Fahrenheit to Celsius: (°F - 32) x 5/9
Celsius
to Fahrenheit: 32 + (°C x 9/5)
6. TIMBER
CONVERSIONS - FAO STANDARDS
|
Petrograd standards |
=
4.673 |
= |
stére
(fuel-wood, conifer) |
x
0.70 |
= |
|
|
=
0.2140 |
x m3 |
|
=
1.43 |
x m3
(solid) |
|
cord |
x
3.625 |
= |
stére
(pulp-wood, conifer) |
x
0.75 |
= |
|
|
= 0.2759 |
x (stére
(stacked m3 ) |
|
=
1.33 |
x m3(solid) |
|
cordx
(fuelwood) |
x
2.12 |
= |
fathom
(pitprop) |
x
4.28 |
= |
|
|
=
0.472 |
x m3
(solid) |
|
=
0.234 |
x m3(solid) |
|
cord
(pulpwood) |
x
2.55 |
= |
1000
board feet (sawlogs) |
x
3.96 |
= |
|
|
=
0.392 |
x m3
(solid) |
|
0.253 |
x m3(solid) |
|
stére
fuel-wood, BL |
x
0.65 |
= |
load (roundwood) |
x
1.13 |
= |
|
|
=
1.54 |
x m3(solid) |
|
0.885 |
x m3(solid) |
|
