Commonwealth Forestry News |
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No. 1 |
March 1998 |
ISSN 1463-3868 |
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Contents Opening by the
President |
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The Commonwealth Forestry Association has decided to publish a newsletter to reach to the membership and a wider audience in a more direct and less formal form than the Review. A particularly important policy will be to seek the active participation of members in all parts of the Commonwealth and beyond. A second aim is to inform members and a wider audience of matters of current forestry concern in the Commonwealth and internationally, stimulating debate and interaction. A third aim is to publicise the Association's activity in the Commonwealth and beyond and to encourage wider membership.
The international newsletter of the Commonwealth Forestry Association
"To promote the well-being of the world's forest and those who depend on them."
CFA. Administrative Office: Oxford Forestry Institute,
South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. Telephone:[+44]01865 271037
Facsimile: [+44]01865 275074. E.mail:
cfa_oxford@hotmail.com
Editor CFNews:
Philip Wardle, 3 Charles Hill, Elstead, GU8
6LE,Surrey,U.K.
Telephone, Facsimile:-[+44]01252702204.
E-mail: 101656.1772@compuserve.com
Opening by the President
His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, KT
It is with much enthusiasm that I applaud this initiative in launching the Newsletter. The CFA is the one organisation worldwide that can knit together like minded foresters dedicated to managing the right kind of sustainable forests to provide the most valuable of all renewable raw materials known to man. The Newsletter may help to coordinate the efforts of those who live and work in the widest variety of climates and circumstances, by reaching many who have no means of access to the Commonwealth Forestry Review. My best wishes for its success go to Philip Wardle and his team and all who read and contribute to the Newsletter
Chairman's column
Jag Maini
Forest-related agreements reached at the Earth Summit in Rio, in June 1992 were an important milestone towards the goal of achieving sustainable management of all types of forests (SFM) world-wide. Five years later in 1997, the consensus on the Conclusions and Proposals for Action by the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests, are having far reaching impact on decision-makers (policy advisors and politicians) concerned with various aspects of forests as well as on forest managers. This consensus on approaches to SFM was subsequently endorsed by the Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly in June 1998, as well as by COFO in Rome, Commonwealth Forestry Conference in Zimbabwe, the World Forestry Congress and CHOGM in Edinburgh.
These deliberations have now made the decision-makers more sensitive to the role of forests in providing multiple benefits simultaneously, i.e. wood-based socio-economic benefits as well as environmental, cultural and spiritual values and services, at the sub-national, national, regional and global levels. The forest manager's task is becoming increasingly complex and the forest community is now faced with the challenge:- to reconcile conflicting demands on forests; to manage forests as ecosystems; to consider trans-boundary, regional and global consequences of their actions; and to engage in a decision-making process that is open, transparent, inclusive and participatory. Accordingly, foresters today not only need to understand the ecology of forestry as well as the sociology of decision-making. Foresters perhaps more than any other type of natural resource managers, are sensitive to the long-term consequences of their management practices on other sectors !such as wildlife, soil and water conservation and other ecological considerations, that ripple beyond the boundaries of the forests that they manage.
During the Rio process and the following five years, we have also witnessed active contribution of thousands of forest experts in clarifying complex forest-related issues and in defining the forests agenda at different geographic scales. These experts are providing professional insights and scientific basis for SFM and underscoring the notion that there is no single solution universally applicable to address diverse forest-related issues world-wide. It is now well recognised that there is a need to adopt a diversity of approaches towards sustainable forest management in order to address a range of policy objectives. For example, many developing countries, richly endowed with forests view their forests as an important instrument for economic development, while developing countries with scarce forest cover view their forests as critical to subsistence for millions of people living in and around forests. These two situations represent diverse priority ob!jectives that require different forest management approaches.
Collectively, the Commonwealth countries represent a microcosm of the "global forests problematique". I am very pleased to report that forest experts from the Commonwealth countries have particularly played a critical and leading role in structuring the national and international dialogue on forest policy and in developing consensus on proposals for national and international action. This is not surprising when we note that in the Commonwealth countries, we have a tradition of open and frank discussions, and of sharing our experiences, both successes and failures, as well as fostering international co-operation. In that "Commonwealth spirit", I welcome the CFA initiative to launch this newsletter aimed at exchanging views on policies and programmes, as well as learning about various national and international processes and personalities that are guiding our progress towards Sustainable Forest Management world-wide.
Our chairman, Jag Maini is Co-ordinator and Head of the Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests, Division for Sustainable Development, Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), United Nations
Association News
Annual General Meeting of CFA
Friday 8th May 1998 at 16.30 - 4.30pm in the New Lecture Theatre, Westonbirt School Gloucestershire.
Tea from 4 pm. After the AGM: visit to grounds of the School followed by a dinner at 19.30.
Saturday 9th May at 9.30 am sharp: visit to Westonbirt Arboretum by special arrangement with the Forestry Commission, ending about lunch time. Members should make their own arrangements for overnight accommodation on Friday 8th May).
Please register with the Secretariat and send payment by 1st May.
Cost per person: Friday 8 May - Tea & facilities £4.00, Dinner (optional) £13.50
Saturday 9 May Arboretum £3.00
C.T.S. Nair awarded the Tom Gill medal
Dr. C.T.S. Nair, from India, is currently with FAO as Senior Programme Adviser of the Forest Research Support Programme for the Asia and the Pacific (FORSPA). This is about promoting co-operation among research centres in the region and establishing effective collaboration with international organisations active in this field including the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau and the Centre for International Forestry Research. Earlier he was economist and project manager of an FAO forestry development project in the Sudan involved in carrying out a comprehensive wood consumption survey, strengthening the statistical and planning functions of the Corporation, and evaluating the community forestry programmes and organisational and financial arrangements of the National Forestry Corporation. Before joining FAO, he served as Deputy Inspector-General of Forests in the Government of India responsible for forest research, training and forest policy and was involved in setting up the Indian Council for Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE). His first assignments were as forest economist and as director of the Forest Research Institute and in Ker!ala.
The proposal made by the FAO CFA Committee was agreed at the AGM at Victoria Falls.
Fellow - a new membership category
The 1997 AGM at Victoria Falls agreed a new category of Fellow in addition to Honorary Fellow.
The draft rules draw a clear distinction between the two. The Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour that the Association can confer and nomination and election requirements need to be stringent. The Association does not require to impose particular requirements on fellows but could reasonably expect that they be willing to contribute in various ways to the charitable work of the Association.
The following is a summary of draft rules for the two categories and in line with the decision at the AGM, members are invited to comment before these are implemented by the next meeting of the Executive Committee - 8 May 1998
Honorary Fellow - any member or non member is eligible who has made a significant contribution to forestry in the widest sense, particularly if it is of benefit world wide. Nomination is by at least two members, support from a National Chapter will be helpful. Nominations will be considered by the CFA Awards Committee and their recommendation will require endorsement by the AGM.
Fellow - members with an unbroken membership record of at least 10 years are eligible to apply; they will need to provide supporting information outlining their contribution to forestry and willingness to support the work of the Association; applications will be considered by the Membership Secretary whose recommendation requires the ratification of the Executive Committee. This is implemented on receipt of the Fellowship subscription - 1.5 times the ordinary subscription - and lapses with non-payment; Fellows will be expected to serve the Association as they are requested and able to do so.
We hope the proposed fellowship obligations are not too onerous and will not discourage applications from many distinguished members whose contributions to the Association deserve to be publicly recognised.
From Roger Bradley - Vice President
Around The World
The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM)
Edinburgh, Scotland, October 1997
Recommendations of the 15thCommonwealth Forestry Conference were addressed to the Commonwealth Heads of Government. The report of 'Committee of the Whole' that went forward to the Heads of Government stressed "the importance of implementing the recommendations of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Forests and the need for continuing dialogue, including informal Commonwealth consultations in the UN Intergovernmental Forum on Forests, on outstanding issues on which consensus was needed. It endorsed the recommendations of the 15th CFC and called for commitment by Commonwealth Countries to sustainable forest management. It reaffirmed support for the Iwokrama International Rain Forest Programme and requested member states to provide tangible support for the programme to reciprocate Guyana's gesture in contributing almost a million acres of its forest for the purpose, and as a direct contribution to achievement of the Rio Agenda.
The Edinburgh Commonwealth Economic Declaration - endorsed the programme for further implementation of Agenda 21 particularly in respect of freshwater, forest resources and the transfer of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries. - recognised that new and additional resources will be needed and promised best endeavours to provide these. -welcomed the contribution of the Iwokrama International Rain Forest Programme in Guyana and agreed to best endeavours to increase resources.
from Libby Jones
Forestry Commission, UK
The Commonwealth Foundation
Established by the Heads of Government in 1996, the Commonwealth Foundation is an intergovernmental organisation with a mandate to support the work of the non-governmental sector of the Commonwealth. The foundation, funded by Commonwealth governments, encourages activities which facilitate co-operation between developing countries. (It provides generous support to CFA - ed). Coinciding with CHOGM 1997, the Friends of the Commonwealth Foundation have been formed to promote support of the good works of the Foundation.
From John Wood, Hon.Sec of the Friends - Dormington House, Dormington, Hereford, HR1 4ES UK.
National Forestry Action Programme
South Africa
Following on the White Paper on Sustainable Forestry Development of March 1996 there has been a year of intense activity to consult as widely as possible with all role players and stakeholders on policy implementation for the forest sector. Professor Kader Asmal, Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry in his introduction to the NFAP (September 1997) puts the contribution of the forest sector in the context of the enormous challenge posed by rural development, the commitment to the improvement of the lives of all the people in South Africa and the urgent need for economic growth and additional jobs, yet addressing sustainable forestry needs as defined under Agenda 21. Priority is given to the development potential of community forestry, access to the forests for the majority of the people, to the natural forests and woodlands and to managing for sustainable industrial forest development compatible with sustaining water resources and the environment. These are considere!d in depth in three main sections of the report followed by consideration of the human resources and the institutions supporting the sector. Hennie Coetzee Chief Director: Forestry points to the way ahead. Producing the programme was the first phase. Phase two is to roll out a series of detailed strategic action plans the first of which, drafting a new Forestry Act, has already been launched. Many more will be the strategic as an Agency action plans to implement the ideas in the 27 chapters of this NFAP, which will be put in place over the next two years. Preparation of the NFAP had technical and financial assistance of the UK's Department for International Development and further funding through Danish Cooperation for Environment and Development.
By Philip Wardle
Forest Research Agency
Great Britain
The 1993 White Paper on Science, Engineering and Technology confirmed the British Government's commitment to the Rothschild customer/contractor principle for Government funded applied research and development. This meant changes had to be made to the way the Forestry Commission organised and funded its research activities. Instead of funding the Research Division through a budget, the Forestry Authority has established research fundholders in its Forestry Practice Division to buy research from the Forest Research Agency in support of its research aims. While the Forestry Commission will continue to be the most important customers for the Agency's services we are looking to increase income from other sources to make full use of existing skills and expertise.
Jim Dewar is the Chief Executive of the Agency. It has two research stations - Alice Holt Lodge in Hampshire and the Northern Research Station (NRS) supported by a network of a dozen field stations throughout Britain. It has a staff of 290 of whom 60 are graduate scientists and at any one time there can be up to 20 students, post graduates and visiting scientists working with staff of the Agency.
from Jim Dewar
Chief Executive
Commonwealth Secretariat - from
Brian Kerr
Chief Project Officer, Agricultural
Development Unit, Export and Industrial Development Division.
Sustainable Forest Management in Malaysia is the fourth report in a series which is part of a Commonwealth Forestry Initiative which aims to foster linkages between countries which are actively developing new programmes in natural forest management. Each volume traces the development of tropical forest management in a Commonwealth country and illustrates the range of experience that has been gained during the past century and more of Commonwealth forestry. Forest management is no longer the concern of forest managers alone, and wise use of the tropical forest increasingly depends on the understanding of interested people outside the profession, such as politicians, the general public and the media. This series intends to assist in a wider understanding of the historical basis which forms the point of departure for Many of the new approaches and policy directions which are now being tried. Brief reports have been published for Karnataka, India; Ghana; Uganda and Sri !Lanka. In addition, a more specialised volume dealing with timber utilisation has been published for Uganda. The Commonwealth Science Council has promoted a series on Tropical trees: propagation and planting manuals by Alan Longman and illustrated by R.H.F. Wilson and the Agricultural Development unit has a publication on Regional training of Professional Foresters in SADC Countries.
Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SW1Y 5HX.
ITTO
by Lachlan Hunter
The Executive Director of the International Tropical Timber Organisation [ITTO] since its foundation, Dr B.C.Y. Freezailah, is from Malaysia. Other Commonwealth members of the HQ staff are Mr L.A.J. Hunter, Assistant Director, NZ and UK., Dr M.J. Adams, M.I.S. Coordinator, UK., Dr S.E. Johnson, Statistician, Canada and Ms C.J. Prebble, Editor/Coordinator, UK. ITTO is a corporate member of CFA.
From its home in Yokohama, Japan, the ten-year old International Tropical Timber Organisation, with nearly fifty Member countries, has been actively promoting sustainable management of tropical forests. Foremost among its several objectives is help for its producer members to implement a strategy to achieve international trade of tropical forest products from sustainably managed resources by the year 2000 - the Year 2000 Objective. Policy development in support of this goal has included several published guidelines covering the sustainable management of natural and planted tropical forests, biodiversity conservation, the prevention of fire, and forest industry development. The series also includes on-going work on criteria and indicators - ITTO was the first to publish such an approach, prior to UNCED. The Organisation also developed an Action Plan to encompass the work of its three technical committees - Economic Information and Market Intelligence, Reforestation and Forest Management, and Forest Industry, which meet twice a year in association with the governing International Tropical Timber Council, once in Yokohama, and once in a tropical location, which rotates around the three great formations in the African, Latin American, and Asia/Pacific regions.
In the field ITTO has implemented some hundreds of projects, pre-projects and other activities with budgets totalled about US$140 million, and largely in the producer member countries, but with some projects global or regional in scope. The fieldwork comprises a great variety of subjects, including for example a trans-national conservation area (Indonesia/Malaysia), several sustainable forest management demonstration areas, training workshops in forest statistics, and research and development on new forest products manufactured in producer member countries. Member countries are given training in formulating projects for ITTO using the Organisation's own manual, which includes guidelines on local community participation and the environmental impact of projects.
ITTO, Pacifico-Yokohama 1-1-1,Minato - Mirai Nishi - Ku, Yokohama 220,JAPAN
CIFOR - Reinventing Forestry Research - from Jeff Sayer
Jeff is the Director General of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), a corporate member of CFA.
It has often been pointed out that people are likely to continue to destroy forests as long as their own interests are best served by doing so. Surprisingly, many of the international attempts to conserve tropical forests have ignored this basic fact. CIFOR sees its role as developing policy and technological options so that those people who might otherwise destroy forests will benefit more by retaining them. The people who live close to, or in the forests are therefore the focus of CIFOR's attention. We need to understand how these people depend on the forest and what the impact programmes to conserve or manage their forests have on the people who are primarily concerned.
We know that a surprisingly large number of rural people in the tropics get significant benefits from forests, these benefits come mainly in the form of a vast array of forest products, most of which are not wood. Most of these products are relegated to the "informal sector" in forest statistics. In fact quantifying the extent of the forest's benefits for rural people is extremely difficult because nobody keeps statistics on these sorts of thing. Unfortunately most efforts to conserve or to manage forests better, focus on things that fall into the formal sector - things like timber, national parks, watershed protection, carbon sequestration etc. The programmes to develop these formal sector products often conflict with the interests of forest dependent people; their access is restricted or management optimises products which are of no use to them. It is quite easy for these formal sector interventions to reduce the value of the forests to the locals. So it may indee!d seem more sensible for the local people to get rid of the forest and use the land for something else. Total utility may be less, but utility for them will be greater.
CIFOR's strategy is to promote situations whereby those people who are most likely to destroy forests will expect and will indeed get more benefits from keeping them. In some cases this can require a pretty fundamental rethink of conventional forestry approaches.
Center for International Forestry Research, CGIAR, Bogor, Indonesia.
EFI
by Ian Hunter
The European Forest Institute, Finland, was founded in 1993. Its first Director was Birger Solberg. Dr Ian Hunter is the second Director. Ian has been a member of the CFA for 25 years and worked in many parts of the Commonwealth, last before moving to EFI, with the forestry department at NRI. The first Chairman of the board of EFI - Tim Peck, also a long standing member of CFA, has just retired from that position. EFI is a corporate member of CFA.
EFI is a membership-based organisation. Its members are institutions. Non-European institutions can become associate members if they wish. Members receive EFI publications free of charge. The organisation concentrates on pan-European forestry matters. It specialises in matters of forest policy, forest economics, forest products trade, sustainable forestry, and forest information. However, many forestry matters are global today and EFI sometimes works at the global scale, thereby producing information of interest to CFA members. For example Peter Glueck and Ilpo Tikkanen of EFI led a team including Richard Tarasofsky (of IUCN) and Neil Byron (of CIFOR) in producing a study on "Options for Strengthening the International Legal Regime for Forests". The study, done for DG XI of the EC, was presented at the Intergovernmental panel on Forests (IPF) in New York. Likewise, a team led by Birger Solberg produced a world-wide study on the long-term supply and demand for wood at the! request of Norway for the IPF. Both are available from EFI.
We have also just started a project for DG VIII of the EC to provide a "Certification Information Service". DG VIII realises that much of the activity on certification is taking place in Europe but some of the impact could be felt in the Tropics as a type of non-tariff trade barrier. Information about certification tends to come from the protagonists of certification schemes. The new service aims to provide completely balanced coverage of the field. It will distribute much of the information as booklets and manuals but also maintains a simple web-site at http://www. efi.jouensuu.fi/cis/
Since coming to this job I have been repeatedly struck by how much tropical countries have to teach us. Europe is less well-advanced in matters like multi-species silviculture; public participation in forest management; incorporation of NTFP values in forest management and derivation of income for local communities, than many tropical countries. I wish there was an easy mechanism to tap this knowledge.
EFI., Torikatu 34, FIN80100 Joensuu, Finland
International Union of Forestry
Research Organizations (IUFRO)
From Jeff Burley, President of
IUFRO
IUFRO is one of the oldest, international, non-governmental organisations in the world. Dating from 1892, its membership comprises approximately 700 research institutions and 76 Associate Members in some 115 countries, including most Commonwealth countries, with approximately 15,000 scientists. The small professional Secretariat in Vienna is provided by the Government of Austria but for the rest of its activities IUFRO depends on the voluntary efforts of its member scientists and the financial and moral support they receive from their employers. IUFRO holds a whole-Union Congress every five years.
IUFRO actively promotes international research networking to solve global and local problems related to forests and trees, and to the environment, people and wildlife that are dependent on them. Much of the networking and collaboration is promoted and presented at conferences, seminars, workshops and training courses organized by individual research units. Throughout its history IUFRO has sought to assist in the development of international standards, symbols and systems for forestry including manuals, monographs and checklists for permanent sample plot management, the design of provenance trials, and definitions of units of measurement of trees and crops.
One of the aims of the next IUFRO World Congress (to be held in Malaysia during 2000) is to compile and present to the world our understanding of the state of knowledge in all our disciplines and to identify the gaps in knowledge that require further research. We cannot continue to demand resources for research if we do not demonstrate its value and applicability.
Further information from:- Professor J Burley, President, IUFRO and Director, Oxford Forestry Institute, UK. Tel: 01865 275050, Fax: 01865 275074, E-mail: jeff.burley@plants.ox.ac.uk.
IUFRO Secretariat, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, Vienna A-1130, Austria.
International Society of Tropical
Foresters (ISTF)
from Julian Evans
A sister organisation to the CFA, the International Society of Tropical Foresters, seeks to inform and update its members about issues and interests in tropical forestry through a regular newsletter. Membership is open to anyone (US$25 for developed countries, $10 for all others) and it provides a good way of networking with others interested in tropical forestry. ISTF is based in Maryland, USA and has an international membership of about 1900. Professor Julian Evans is the UK country Vice-President and Professor J Burley is a Director at Large.
ISTF, 5400 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 20814.
Special feature
Ten years on it is appropriate that we are reminded about Jack Westoby who made a resounding contribution to International Forestry and was a special member of the Commonwealth Forestry Association.
A Man For All Forests
Denis Cullity gave the inaugural Jack Westoby Lecture at the Australian National University August 1997
Jack Westoby was born in Yorkshire 10 December 1912, second youngest of a family of 10. He gained a scholarship to Hymer's College, Hull in 1926, won the Lord Mayor's Prize for maths and physics and in the early 1930s went on to Hull University College of London University for a degree in economics . His first job was in a firm that fell on bad times in the depression and in 1936 he was on the dole. He got a job as a railway clerk. He stood unsuccessfully as a Labour candidate in a Hull constituency. Unable to join up in the war due to asthma, his health had him back on the railways. In 1945 with a pass in the Civil Service exam and an external course in statistics from London University, he found himself in the Statistics Department at the Board of Trade. The job was to tot things up rather than analyse them and he got the job of totting up timber and pulp statistics for the United Kingdom. He decided the figures meant something and started to look at the story that !lay behind them. Because he was the only statistician working in timber in the Board, he was sent as British delegate to the first [UN]European Timber Conference and made such an impression that in 1952 he was recruited to the forestry section in FAO.
He retired from FAO as Deputy Director of the Forestry and Forest Industries Division [by then Forestry Department] in 1974. He continued his interest in forestry and forest industry economics and in the politics of forestry, with particular regard to the needs of the developing world, right through to his death on 11 September 1988. Throughout his life he had a very deeply felt concern for the poorest in society, particularly the poor of the developing world. He and Flo, married in 1941, with their two sons all shared together a commitment to socialism.
Jack's speeches were collected in a book edited by Alf Leslie "The Purpose of Forests, Follies of Development" [Blackwell 1987]. At the end of his lifeas he became progressively stricken with motor neuron disease, he completed his magnum opus "Introduction to World Forestry" [Blackwell 1989] which was published after his death.
When I first saw Jack he was standing at the speakers rostrum addressing the first meeting of FAO World Wood Based Panels Committee in Rome in 1963, delivering what I thought was the most brilliant analysis I had heard , up to that time, on wood based panels in world trade. Not only was it intellectually challenging, it was also very witty and his presentation was riveting.
My subsequent recommendation that he be keynote speaker at the 1969 All Australia Timber Congress was enthusiastically taken up by Tom Bunning and that was how Jack Westoby first came to Australia. In his keynote address he gave a myopic industry a sharp environmental rap :-
"It is hard to reconcile the mess that logging operations leave with the claim that forestry gives aesthetic benefits; it is hard to reconcile muddy log landings in gullies with claims that forestry improves watershed values; it is hard to reconcile slum sawmill settlements with the claim that forestry counters the drift to the cities; it is hard to reconcile rusty galvanised iron mill buildings with the image of a dynamic industry; it is hard to reconcile calls by industry for more government support for forestry with their opposition to royalty increases and government control. Do these things happen in Australia? I suspect some of them do"
It was at this conference that the late Sir Alan Westerman had suggested that the Australian economy and timber industry in particular needed to be dragged screaming into the 20th century.
Jack spoke four times at that congress, the last being a magnificent, audience rolling in the aisle, after dinner speech, full of wit, cricket talk and penetrating comment.
My real and personal introduction to the bite of his wit was at a lunch table in New Delhi in 1975. We spoke about how to reorganise the Indian economy. India defeated him. I said "what do you call yourself"? He said "I am a democratic socialist". I said "Well I reckon I'd call myself that too". Jack bit back instantly "You wouldn't even know what the words meant" Somewhat rebuffed and slightly offended I said "Well Jack what do you think I am, what would you call me" He said "You're a capitalist with a conscience". So those are my credentials for giving this speech? - I am not a professional forester - however, I have had the opportunity of learning from a very great man and having been stimulated by the friendship that he and Flo extended to me and my family.
What makes Jack Westoby important? The fact that, more than any other person in the last 50 years, he understood the challenges facing world forestry, anticipated the debate, predicted the controversies and articulated the solutions. His understanding evolved from his belief that forests and forest industries were vehicles for human development, particularly Third World development. He was a humanist and firmly anthropocentric.
In 1974, on the second of his tours 'down under' from 'up over' he gave the keynote address at Forwood in Canberra "On behalf of the uninvited guests" The uninvited guests were the Australian consumer, the people of South East Asia and the environmentally concerned Australian citizen. He deplored the fact that Australia was an under consumer of forest products with high tariffs and high domestic prices, disregarding the socio-economic development of forest rich countries to the north and coddling the Australian forest owner and converting industry. The foresters he found remiss in efforts to inform the concerned citizen what they were doing and why they were doing it. He rounded up with a plea for national forest planning . "It is my firm conviction that a nation which cannot find an identity in a common resources policy deserves to be considered a nobody among nations". Forwood was the first time that the six State forest services, together with the Commonwealth, had ga!thered with industry and the infant environment movement in the same room to debate and expose their activities to criticism and to plan a future.
"A clear forest policy is one condition of a truly social forestry.......All forestry should be social"
Those were Jack Westoby's last words on the subject written shortly before his death, as the concluding statement in his "Introduction to World Forestry.
How then do we summarise what Jack has left us with?
1. Wood is good. It is one of the worlds great renewable resources.
2. Forests are for people.
3. Forests should be conserved and expanded for all their values and multiple uses.
4. A national forest policy embodying these values is the mark of a prudent nation
5. Forests are a major vehicle for socio-economic development.
6. National forest policies are best determined by the democratic political process involving all citizens not just "industry, forest owners, builders and bird watchers"
7. Foresters have an obligation to participate in and inform the political process and to ensure the forests are managed for their socio-economic Values.
Now how far has Australia advanced since Jack's " Introduction to World Forestry", indeed since his visits in 1969 and 1974?
First of all, I believe that Australia has been 'dragged screaming into the 20th century'. No longer is it a high tariff country. In 1969 the tariff on plywood was 57.5% and on particle board 40%, today it is 5%. Work practices have changed - the Hawke Labour Government introduced concepts of productivity which were accepted by the Union movement; our currency has been deregulated; Trade Practices laws have been strengthened; the Securities Commission has been given teeth and for all its faults the market economy within a strong juridical framework is operating to the advantage of the country. However increased efficiency has landed us with a major problem - unemployment. We have to find a solution to it. I believe that solution will be found through an education system which fits our youth to the challenges of the 21st century, through increased efficiency in our transport systems and through visionary integration of our natural resources with downstream processing for export markets.
Secondly we now have a National Forest Policy determined by our democratic political process - instead of being one of Jacks nobodies we have definitely become a somebody. The National Forest Policy Statement of 1992 bearing the signature of the Prime Minister and of the six Premiers of the States and the two Chief Ministers of the Territories, witnesses that our Governments share a vision for forests, which includes environmentally sensitive and sustainable management and the Australian community participating in the decision making processes.
We have indeed come a long way. We have reached the point where we have a national forest policy; we have determined the criteria for sustainable development and the research is well under way to identify the indicators which will allow us to ensure that each specific criterion is in the process of being met. We are among the leaders in sustainablility indicators research and it must not be abandoned. The prize for our nation is too great.
To conclude, I have come to appreciate fully the meaning of the chorus which Jack Westoby recited at his retirement dinner in Rome:
" Did but wisdom come with wrinkles
Did but folly flee with age
Then there'd be reason for rejoicing
at the turning of the page"
D.M. Cullity -Chair, Forest and Wood Products R&D Corporation / Westralian Forest Industries Ltd.
Forest Scenes
Ocala National Forest , Florida, USA
from Graham Baker
The forest is on 378 000 acres in upper central Florida. A broad ridge of limestone overlaid with white sugar sand is dominated by sand pine over dwarf oak and saw palmetto, a scrub with a high degree of endemism, half the plants are found nowhere else. Much of the forest is classed as wilderness and protected by Act of Congress. In more fertile areas and near the many lakes, ponds and rivers, occur tall hardwoods, cabbage palms , bald cypresses and southern yellow pines. Five species of pine, eight species of oak grow almost side by side, together with bays and many others.
I spent two weeks in late November in the forest enjoying dry , warm weather. First frosts had not yet arrived and the full effects of fall were postponed. Sixty-six miles of the Florida Trail run through the forest.
...Through the Juniper Prairie Wilderness the trail enters pine scrub - leaning, reddy black flaking trunksof the endemic sand pine form an open canopy of thirty to forty feet, covering an understory of dwarf oaks with small, hard leaves. These oaks, also endemic, are the Chapman's oak, sand live oak and myrtle oak. Quite often I had to duck under webs of large yellow and black spiders strung between pine and oak and step over mounds of startlingly fresh black bear dung.. Where the canopy thins the oaks are joined by a ground cover of saw palmetto and a scattering of pond pine. A large area of burnt pine trunks appears. The forest ranger said that, as it was in a wilderness area, the fire was allowed to take its own course.. The trail resumes through sand pines and dwarf oaks accompanied by other bushes, staggerbush or crookedwood - an ericaceous tree, gallberry, heather, pygmy fringe tree, devilwood and sweetbells. Holly is now a regular feature of the trail...
The forest service has carved out of the forest six recreational areas where the public can view the sub-tropical vegetation, camp, swim and canoe along the silver rivers created by the underground springs. It is comforting to see so large a forest still intact in Florida, a state where pressure on land use is intense. However it is a national forest not a park and large scale logging is always a possibility - presently only sand pine is logged for pulp. The number of species present is remarkable; a result of the stable environment uninterrupted by the last ice age; the summer heat and rains must also be a factor in this diversity. (Baker provides a list of some 50 tree and shrub species)
Correspondence
Why do forestry projects fail?
Neil Byron. International Development Assistance in forestry and land management: the process and the players. [CFR 76/1. 1997]
"Why do so many forestry aid projects fail?. Most replies list so technical difficulties in implementation. This paper argues that the answer can be found through understanding two general processes: how forestry relates to its socio-economic context and how development operates in practice. Projects which foresters see as failures in technical or humanitarian terms may be seen as successful by other political or commercial criteria or by other interest groups. In spite of constraints, many forestry projects have successfully delivered lasting benefits to society, economies and the environment .Projects of a social character will fail if design and implementation do not pay attention to the target group, the poor."
B.L. Das writes from India:
This article, although it has discussed several important aspects of the implementation of forestry projects including aided ones, appears to be tilted towards failures rather than successes. Why do so many forestry projects fail or have many forestry projects failed and if so why. Although such questions may be hypothetical they do arise when projects have not succeeded or are only partly successful. But what about the other aspect - as to how the project has succeeded so well in such a depleted environment, and how the benefits accrued are so enormous in terms of social well-being and commercial gain, then the questioner turns in admiration and recognises the increased credibility of the implementing agency - mostly the forestry one. The Casuarina plantations along the coast in Eastern India, the teak and Gmelina plantations in Peninsular India, the Dalbergia plantations in sand cast areas, the Eucalyptus plantations in degraded laterites and lateritic wastes offer in!stances of success and immense benefit to local populations. Similar instances are not wanting in other developing countries like the gene conservation stands of teak in Chiang Mai, Acacia mangium plantations in Malaysia, tropical pines in Indonesia and other S.E. Asian countries[Pinus caribaea, P.keseya [khasya] ]. In this context without comprehensive survey one cannot balance failures against success or vice-versa.
With regard to social forestry projects, which are almost all aided by international agencies or banks, the main thrust is to create a motivating force or to re-enforce already existing motivation for self help among the local population. Earlier in Farm Forestry the theme was a tree for every farm, but under Social Forestry the theme is not only a tree for every farm but also a forest for every village. This slogan has helped to motivate individual farmers - even small and marginal - and groups of farmers with communal holdings, to grow forests of fast growing species, surrounding the farms to meet both their own needs and to supply landless labour. In these situations motivation is more important than whether a few trees or plants have failed or survived. Forest Farming by Rural Poor, a component of the social forestry programme in India, has very successfully motivated the farmers to grow forests on their unproductive land, thus not only encouraging self sufficiency !in forest products but also encouraging a trend from agriculture to forestry land use. In India and other developing countries' forests are being mercilessly cleared for agriculture so such a reversal of the trend is much more significant than any other consideration of success or failure. These programmes contribute to both commercial gain and social well-being. In some southern states such programmes have not only raised living standards of the farmers but have also changed their living style with provision of schools and hospitals, dairy farms and a network of village roads.. These programmes are more demand oriented than donor driven.
The author emphasise that foresters should not become isolated from the people. But this apprehension is misplaced as the relation between the forester and the people is always reciprocal and interdependent, particularly in an agricultural economy as in India and most developing countries. The forest is the home and hearth of millions of villagers and their well-being depends on the performance of the forester and his appreciation of their problems . This the case presently and has been in the past.
I have cited examples of present day social forestry programmes. With regard to the past the same thinking prevailed. Jack C. Westoby in his address to the Ninth Commonwealth Forestry Conference [India 1968] told in his concluding remarks, that contrary to what many outsiders believe, forestry is not in its essence about trees, it is about people. It is about trees only in so far as they serve the needs of the people. In fact this has been the guiding principle of long term working plans for the last one and a half centuries in India, and presently also. Mr G.G. Takle a member of the Indian Forest Service and past Inspector General [1875-80] wrote that the attributes required of forester was that he had to be an adventurer, an anthropologist and a surveyor and that his main function was to explore the forests, see what they contained and see what the human problem was - because the forests then were not completely uninhabited - and he had to solve their problems and mee!t their requirements. Similarly Dr Brandis [Indian Forester February 1894] writing on utilisation of less valuable species observed 'it is a peculiarity of forest management, that trees require a long time to come to maturity, and this circumstance imposes upon the forester the duty of looking ahead and to carefully consider the future prospects of their charge and the need for the well-being of the inhabitants. Then India was a part of the British Empire , yet the well-being of the people was uppermost in the mind of the forester. The famous taungya cultivation of teak, which provided employment opportunity to a very large section of landless people throughout the Indian sub-continent was started by Dr Brandis and in terms of social sustainability was a high achievement. A forester can never afford to be isolated from the people - in the past nor at present.
Neil Byron a brief reply:
Mr. Das points out that I have focused on why Development Assistance in forestry failed to meet expectations. However, I did not state, or mean to imply, that ALL or MOST forestry projects fail (or are as my Indonesian colleagues say "belum suksesi" = not yet successful) - but merely that many do not meet their stated expectations. Whether the disappointment rate is 10%, 51% or 98%, it still represents a very sad waste and a failure to help poor rural people. Domestically-devised and funded forestry projects frequently perform much better than those devised by expatriate experts because local foresters better appreciate the constraints and opportunities of local people's real needs and resources. So many forestry projects have been very beneficial, especially in India. One of my main points concerns a benchmark for comparison, "what do we mean by success and from whose point of view?" Taking the example of taungya cited as "successful" - some condemn taungya in East Af!rica and parts of Southeast Asia as involving gross exploitation of the poor, in order to meet forest agencies' technical objectives at least cost.
My one point of disagreement with Mr. Das is on his assertion that ".. the relation between forester and people is always reciprocal and interdependent.." and .." their well-being depends on the performance of the forester..." OH! If only this were true. My experience in over 30 countries is that the relation between foresters and local people is far too seldom thus. Frequently foresters have been the oppressors, or have been merely indifferent to the needs of local people, especially of the poor and minorities, and have instead served primarily the interests of industry and the State (as Westoby frequently bemoaned). However, the beneficial side of that is that local people have often managed to protect and use local forests, and grow their own trees and meet their own needs, in spite of the apathy of some (not all) foresters and forestry agencies.
My essay should not be interpreted as an attack on our profession, or a denial of our collective achievements but as an attempt to learn from past deficiencies, to understand the somewhat distorted context in which many of us work, in order to enhance our ability to meet Society's objectives and thereby the public standing and respect for the profession.
News of members and friends
Professor Julian Evans, CFA's new vice-chairman
It is a pleasure to convey our congratulations to Julian who was appointed OBE in the Queens Birthday Honours in June 1997 for 'Services to forestry and the third world'. Until March 1997 he was Chief Research Officer (S) of the GB Forestry Commission, now he has been appointed Professor in Tropical Forestry, a newly created part-time post within the Centre for Environmental Technology at Imperial College of London University. .Julian is a director of TEAR fund and chairs the TGA woodland initiative. He is author or co-author of 3 recent books - Plantation silviculture in Europe (1997), A Wood of Our Own (1995) and Plantation forestry in the tropics (1996) and is also the editor of a publication planned by Blackwell Science for the year 2000 - 'The Forests Handbook' - which will synthesise current knowledge about forest science and forest practice.
David Harcharik - Deputy Director
General of FAO
1 January 1998
David Harcharik, from the United States, holds a B.Sc. in Forest Management from Iowa State, M Sc, in Forest Ecology from Duke and a Ph.D. in Tree Improvement from North Carolina State. His 30 years in forestry includes thirteen years with the International Office of the U.S. Forest Service and two years with the Peace Corps in Peru. He has also worked with the World Food Programme and the World Bank and as a private consultant. He first joined FAO in 1972 where he worked as Forestry Officer in the Forest Resources Division. He joined FAO again in February 1995 as Assistant Director-General, Forestry Department. It is the first time that we have a forester in the number two position in FAO and especially nice that he is a member of CFA.
From Jim Ball - Regional Vice-Chairman, Europe
Ralph W. Roberts - President Canadian Institute of Forestry
Ralph, born in 1942 in British Columbia, has worked in the forestry field since 1959 throughout Canada and in over 80 countries. He studied forestry at the University of New Brunswick, graduating in 1965. He joined a forestry consulting firm and spent the next 3 years in Kenya. This was followed by a brief séjour in Asia and then another three and one-half years in Africa, this time in Tanzania, then a year in Scandinavia before joining the Canadian International Development Agency in 1972. He is now CIDA's Chief Forester. Ralph was awarded the CFA Tom Gill medal at the Commonwealth Forestry Conference in Kuala Lumpur in 1993. Now he is the Chairperson of the Canadian Chapter and of the North American and Caribbean Region of the Commonwealth Forestry Association. He has recently been elected to the position of President of the Canadian Institute of Forestry. The CIF is an association of more than 2000 members that aims to advance the stewardship of Canada's forest resources, provide national leadership in forestry, promote competence among forestry professionals and foster public awareness of Canadian and International forestry issues.
John Valentine's departure from New Zealand Forestry Ministry.
Contributions from the public sector and increasingly from the private sector have resulted in a burgeoning industry with annual planting levels to continue around the 80 000 ha mark. Many people have provided broad leadership, but John Valentine's departure as head of the Ministry of Forestry after 37 years in the forestry profession will leave a gap of great substance. From 1985, with such people as Andy Kirkland and Peter Berg, he was very influential in the privatisation and corporatisation process culminating in the sale of the Forestry Corporation in 1996. The gradual withdrawal of direct government involvement in the industry has been executed very well. His influence on the ongoing international debate for ecologically sustainable management of natural forest attracted wide praise. He leaves an indelible impression on how to be the facilitator in the forestry scene as he moves to the National Industry Council.
from Bob Newman - Vice-President and Regional Vice-Chairman Asia Pacific
Graeme Gooding executive director of VAFI and TPC - Australia.
Graeme has been 18 years with the Victorian Association of Forest Industries starting as resource officer. Over the years he has been involved with National Parks issues, Timber industry strategy, marketing initiatives, user education and research. He takes over from Norm Huon and also assumes responsibility for TPC to oversee the industry marketing efforts.
from Bob Newman
Mr Hosny El-Lakany Assistant
Director-General for Forestry in FAO
from 1
January1998.
Mr. El-Lakany, from Egypt, B.Sc. in Agriculture and M.Sc. in Forestry from the University of Alexandria, and a Ph.D. in Forest Genetics from UBC, Canada. He has been instructor, lecturer, professor and then Chairman of the Forestry Department at the University of Alexandria.. He went on to serve as Managing Director and Professor at the Desert Development Centre of the American University in Cairo. He has studied and worked in Forest Genetics in Canada and spent a year as visiting professor at the Australian National University, and served on the Technical Advisory Committee of CGIAR and its Task Force to incorporate Forestry into the system. Mr. El-Lakany spent 1992 as FAO Regional Forestry Officer in Cairo, with missions on arid zone forestry, desertification control, forest resources for food security and environmental protection. He rejoined FAO in the Office of the Director-General in 1995 and was appointed Director, Forest Resources Division in October 1996!ain.
From Jim Ball
HE Mr. James E.K. [Jimmy]
Aggrey-Orleans High Commissioner for Ghana
September
1997
After serving as Assistant Director - Economic Information and Market Intelligence at the International Tropical Timber Organisation since 1987, he has recently taken up appointment as High Commissioner of Ghana to the United Kingdom. It is not often that a High Commisioner, even from a country whers forests are as important as they are in Ghana, has his degree of understanding of forests and the profession is greatly strengthened by having such expertise at the top. Mr Aggrey-Orleans has participated in many post-UNCED forestry initiatives and was active in the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests. Moreover, he has always been a strong supporter of CFA and its international role. His career has taken him to many countries of the world, especially those of Africa. In his own country he played a key role as clerk to the Ghanian National Parliament and later, as secretary of the Planning Commission which oversaw the smooth hand-over of power from the Armed Forces !Revolutionary Council to the incoming civil administration in 1979.
Mr Aggrey-Orleans is a graduate in French from the Universities of Ghana, London and Bordeaux. He did post -graduate studies at St Anthony's College, Oxford in politics and diplomacy. He thus brings a special ability to bring together the African scene, the Francophone and the Anglophone and the international. He has assured me that he will do his best to attend some of the Associations future meetings. The CFA surely welcomes him to this country and looks forward to the privilege and pleasure of having him with us.
From Peter Wood Vice-President
CFA Initiatives
CFA Rio + 5 launched at World Forestry Congress.
"The 11th World Forestry Congress was held in Antalya, southern Turkey, in October 1997. Some 4000 participants attended from 140 countries. The Congress theme centred on sustainability and helping individual governments tackle the intractable problems of deforestation, global warming, conservation, sustainable management of forest resources. I was pleased that the role of plantation forestry was not side-lined; it is after all one of the few things we can do to create new resources.
Many side meetings took place during the Congress, including an informal CFA gathering which brought together 22 members from 14 Commonwealth countries. One item which certainly placed the Association 'on the map' was the launch of the Rio+5 book about international initiatives and developments in sustainable forest management since the Earth Summit in July 1992. All 80 copies taken to the Congress were sold.
From Julian Evans
Abstract
The World's Forests - Rio + 5: International Initiatives Towards Sustainable Management
Editors A J Grayson and W B Maynard. Paperback. 150 pp. CFA. Oxford, UK. 1997.
Orders: Commonwealth Forestry Association£9 ($15) plus £2 ($3) for airmail (members £5 ($9).
This publication provides a source document setting out recent developments in thinking and conclusions concerning largely international steps towards ensuring sustainable forest management. The booklet records principal decisions emerging from the 1992 Rio conference in 1992 and summarises international Conventions bearing on forests agreed at that conference or earlier. Summaries are given of two major initiatives (Malaya-Canada and India-UK) and 11 initiatives organised to support the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests (IPF), together with the June 1997 decision of the Special Session of the UN General Assembly (Rio + 5) which registered the continued failure to achieve international agreement on a world convention. Other chapters record recent meetings and thinking on criteria and indicators, certification and labelling, and 4 examples of national forest accords.
From Arnold Grayson
Commonwealth Forestry Association Website
Since early 1997, the Canadian Chapter of the CFA has managed its own Website on the Internet. The site has proven to be a useful way of networking with CFA members within Canada and abroad by providing information on the CFA and its mandate, activities, news, personalities, and contact points within the organisation. In preparation for the 15th CFA Conference which was held at Victoria Falls, the Canadian Website posted information on the conference agenda and reports. It also has information on becoming a CFA member including a downloadable application form.
The Website address is: http://www.canadian-forests.com/cfa.html
From John Roper
Late News
Ice Storm Eastern Canada 1998
It was the storm of the century: five days of freezing rain in January that caused chaos, destruction and darkness for millions of citizens of Ontario, Quebec, the Maritime Provinces and New England States. The damage to trees in urban and woodlot environments has been devastating. In Ottawa, as an example, some 45,000 urban trees and another 150,000 trees in the surrounding greenbelt have been severely damaged. The $100 Million maple syrup industry has received serious setback 1998 output will be greatly diminished. The Forestry Chronicle, journal of CIF, January/February 1998, provides detail.
FROM VIDAR .J. NORDIN Editor FC
Commonwealth Forestry Review 77(1)1998
CONTENTS:
PAPERS
Forestry challenges in the 21st century: the 15th Commonwealth
Forestry Conference
E.M. SHUMBA and S. BAKER
The economic contribution of forestry to sustainable development
M. SIMULA
The SYMFOR tropical forest modelling framework
A.C. YOUNG and R.I. MUETZELFELDT
Estimates of socio-economic benefits of ACIAR-supported forestry
projects in Africa and Thailand
G. LUBULWA, D. GWAZE,
J. CLARKE, P. MILIMO and J. MULUTYA
RESEARCH NOTES
Effect of sex and age on growth and biomass production in
Casuarina equisetifolia (L.) Forst.
P. DAS, M.C.
ROUT, S. SANAMANTRAY and G.R. ROUT
Grindstone production using local materials and basic technology
K. EMBAYE
COMMENT
Ecological democracy in New Zealand
S. D.
RICHARDSON
Biodiversity and conservation of Australian forests
T.H. BOOTH
Native woodlands in the United Kingdom
D.
HENDERSON-HOWAT
MISCELLANEA
Forestry in a world of carbon sinks
Tropical deforestation study
Corruption: international comparisons
Natural selection and Patrick Matthew
CFA Membership
New members in 1997
The Association depends on the support and participation of the members and subscribers for the success of its activities. Jag Maini Chairman and all of us in the Association would like to take this opportunity of welcoming the 100 new members and 20 new subscribers to the CFR in 1997:
ARGENTINA- Instituto Nac. De Agropecuaria
AUSTRALIA - Dr R. Smith; Bulolo University College
BANGLADESH - Mr Mohd. Shafi, Mr Md. Iklil Mondal, Mr Tareque Muhammad, Mr A Z M Hasanur Rahman , Mr R N Adhikary and Mr Sazzaduzzaman
BELIZE - Mr R Belisle
BOTSWANA - Mr K.K. Kujinga
CAMEROON - Mr M. Nganteh
CANADA - Messrs. L.W. Apedaile, I. Methven
COSTA RICA - CATIE/IICA Inst. Interamericana
CROATIA - Sumarski Fakultet
ECUADOR - Mr F.M. Montenegro
EIRE - Mr. S.P White
GHANA - Mr E. Prah
GRENADA - Mr R. Mark
INDIA - Dr P.K. Khosla, Dr A. Menon; Kudremukh Iron Ore Company, National Forest Library
ITALY - Ms. Allard; Istituto per la Tecnologia
KENYA - Dr J.L. Kiylapi, Ms J.M. Kimiti, Messrs A.M. Malna, M. Muga, D.W Muita, D.O. Ogweno, Mrs. S.A Robertson
MALAYSIA - Ms A.A. Lojinggu; Pusat Penyelidikan Hutan
MALAWI - Mr C.Z. Chilima, Mr L.C. Zulu
MAURITIUS - Mr S.A. Pauplah
MOZAMBIQUE - Dr L. Brito
NIGERIA - Ms T. Omar
PAPUA NEW GUINEA - PNG Forest Authority
SOUTH AFRICA - Prof R.C. Bigalke, Messrs. A.D. Carr, A. Currie, D. Dobson, M. Edwards, M. N. Holley, Prof M. J. Wingfield, Mr D.P Metelerkamp, Dr. J.H. Scriba , Mr J.C. Steenkamp, Mr A. Yannakai
SRI LANKA - Mr G.K. De Silva, Dr D.K. Pushpakumara, Mr S. Guniyangodage
TANZANIA - Mr P.A. Silima; Sokoine University
UGANDA - Dr J.R. Aluma, Mr S. Khaukha, Dr J. Obua; Forestry Research
U.K. - Messrs. A.G. Anton, S. Armstrong, D. Bills, Ms P. Bird, Mr G. Cruickshank, Mr J.E. Gordon, Ms A.B. Jenkins, Ms T. Houston, Mr A.D. Leslie, Ms D. Robinson, Miss K.A. Thornber, Dr Z. Teklehalmonot; Centre for Environmental, De Montfort University, International Wood, Readworld Publications Ltd.
U.S.A. - Mr M.A. Reimers; Chonnam National Univ.
WESTERN SAMOA - Mr M.G. Kappenberger
ZAMBIA - Mr M.G Bingham, Mr V. Kawanga, Dr. P.C Manda, Mr D. Nkhata, Dr. I. Masafwa, Mr S.C. Zimba.
ZIMBABWE - Mrs S. Baker, Mrs S. Chimbari, Ms G. Mkalalwa, Mrs. A. Tafirei, Messrs. A. Chaponda, L. Choruma, W.J. Gapare, Dr A.G. Kalaghe, G.M. Kundhlande, D. Kwesha, M. Maphosa, C. Marunda, D. Maruzane, F. Matsoe, V. Mokhalis, S. Moyo, C. Mukwekwerere, J. Munyanyi, C.P Murakwani, A. Mushaka, P. Mushove, C. Musokonyl, D. Mutape, C.R. Mutsiwegota, O.G Nyadundu, B.I Nyoka, E.M. Shumba, T. Tafaune, L. Tawonezvi, S. Zingwena.
CFA Membership
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| Developing Country member | 10 | Subscriber | 100 | |
Membership is available to anyone throughout the world with an interest in forestry!
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